Where IT Security and Physical Security Converge

Final Convergence

Next to “integration,” the term “convergence” has to be one of the most overused, loosely defined words used in the security industry over the last five years. When first introduced as the new buzzword, its definition was fragmentary, leaving some degree of self-determination. Over time the definitions have consolidated into what we now understand the term to mean: the fusion of IT with physical security.

Today, much of the originally buzz-worthy technology is offered throughout the industry, including through manufactured products, specialized software products and ultimately a dualskilled workforce. The subject of this article is what I refer to as a final chapter, picking up the pieces that may have been left behind—such as standalone locking products.

Since the late 1990s, tens of thousands of locks with card readers have been installed as standalone locks. The locks have basic access control intelligence powered by batteries and updated through either a handheld device or credentialing updates carried on the cards.


These locks are often installed as an economical solution to provide minimal security to a large facility, such as a campus, and may number in the hundreds or thousands within the same facility. They offer a limited set of features that lies somewhere between the capabilities of keys and online systems. The software for loading and extracting data from the locks has, until now, been basic, but that has begun to change in the last 10 years. Since 2000, traditional access control companies have begun to integrate these lock-interfacing software products into their own systems, which helps create a better overlap between personnel databases and card issuance. Even still, user interface to manage these locks has remained somewhat primitive at best, and this is where convergence comes to apply to these relatively simple, economical locks.

As economic pressures continue to suppress capital expenditures, standalone locks can provide a pretty high bang for the buck, which often entices users of more-converged access control systems to incorporate these locks as a critical element of their overall security planning. In doing so, they all too often face the challenges of adopting these un-networked locks into their security regime, which may include identity management, network privileging, automated access privileging, and any number of more-advanced features and controls.

Therefore, the solution is to incorporate a more modern operational interface to upgrade these locking technologies so they can converge within the common IT infrastructure. Most of the major lock companies are now offering these locks with future upgrade options to advance their capabilities into online systems as budgets and features dictate.

The nature of locks and the manner in which data is pushed and pulled from the devices obviously present some limitations; but the controlling software is malleable, and it’s easy to remove the restrictions and update the capabilities. When most of this software was developed for the massive installed base of these locks, the industry had not yet anticipated the benefits of Web browsers, automation features, access analytics and other features commonly in use today.

To bring such advanced features and technologies to standalone locks, data structures, information formatting and the ability to send alarms on critical informational changes have to be incorporated into a user interface. Because these products are inherently off-line, users with these locks periodically travel to each lock to upload configuration changes and updates as well as extract access histories and other basic information such as battery life.

In many large facilities with converged systems, host access control software manages online portals run in sync with thirdparty ERP software. So when a person is terminated in the authoritative ERP system, that information propagates throughout the access control system to disable access privileges and the IT system to terminate network privileges. In a traditional integration, those access privileges would become disabled in the offline locking software as well, but it wouldn’t become effective until someone carries it to the door and manually uploads to secure that portal. It’s important to be aware of exactly which portals the terminated employ had access to; otherwise, system administrators would need to run to every door to secure the site from a potential threat.

Developers crafting new controlling software can highlight these kinds of informational changes to increase visibility and provide effective intelligence to mitigate risk. As more-advanced software develops around this technology and lock manufacturers continue to provide more options to upgrade these manual lock networks to IP-based wireless networks, our industry can continue to deliver a steady array of options to our users in terms of budget, long-term technology planning and, above all else, valuable features that are in demand as a result of the efforts to converge physical security with IT standards.

Therefore, as the convergence buzz goes forward and is ultimately replaced by another generic buzzword in the world of cloud computing, RRMs, tablet computing and all the other exciting new changes, it is useful to understand that opportunities exist not only in creating new technologies but in bringing older technologies up to date in a manner and method to disseminate the values of the newer wave into the realm of the old.


This article originally appeared in the October 2011 issue of Network-Centric Security.

About the Author

Steve Fisher is the president and CEO of Open Options Inc.

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